A MEDLINE-indexed journal publishing research in the design, development, manufacture, and evaluation of traditional and novel drug delivery systems, emphasizing practical solutions and applications to theoretical and research-based problems. It offers accelerated publication.
Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Second Edition, (Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences) books pdf file
Despite several advantages, pharmaceutical companies are hesitant to invest more in natural product-based drug discovery and drug delivery systems [5] and instead explore the available chemical compounds libraries to discover novel drugs. However, natural compounds are now being screened for treating several major diseases, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and microbial diseases. This is mainly because natural drugs possess unique advantages, such as lower toxicity and side effects, low-price, and good therapeutic potential. However, concerns associated with the biocompatibility, and toxicity of natural compounds presents a greater challenge of using them as medicine. Consequently, many natural compounds are not clearing the clinical trial phases because of these problems [6,7,8]. The use of large sized materials in drug delivery poses major challenges, including in vivo instability, poor bioavailability, and poor solubility, poor absorption in the body, issues with target-specific delivery, and tonic effectiveness, and probable adverse effects of drugs. Therefore, using new drug delivery systems for targeting drugs to specific body parts could be an option that might solve these critical issues [9, 10]. Hence, nanotechnology plays a significant role in advanced medicine/drug formulations, targeting arena and their controlled drug release and delivery with immense success.
Nanotechnology is shown to bridge the barrier of biological and physical sciences by applying nanostructures and nanophases at various fields of science [11]; specially in nanomedicine and nano based drug delivery systems, where such particles are of major interest [12, 13]. Nanomaterials can be well-defined as a material with sizes ranged between 1 and 100 nm, which influences the frontiers of nanomedicine starting from biosensors, microfluidics, drug delivery, and microarray tests to tissue engineering [14,15,16]. Nanotechnology employs curative agents at the nanoscale level to develop nanomedicines. The field of biomedicine comprising nanobiotechnology, drug delivery, biosensors, and tissue engineering has been powered by nanoparticles [17]. As nanoparticles comprise materials designed at the atomic or molecular level, they are usually small sized nanospheres [18]. Hence, they can move more freely in the human body as compared to bigger materials. Nanoscale sized particles exhibit unique structural, chemical, mechanical, magnetic, electrical, and biological properties. Nanomedicines have become well appreciated in recent times due to the fact that nanostructures could be utilized as delivery agents by encapsulating drugs or attaching therapeutic drugs and deliver them to target tissues more precisely with a controlled release [10, 19]. Nanomedicine, is an emerging field implementing the use of knowledge and techniques of nanoscience in medical biology and disease prevention and remediation. It implicates the utilization of nanodimensional materials including nanorobots, nanosensors for diagnosis, delivery, and sensory purposes, and actuate materials in live cells (Fig. 1). For example, a nanoparticle-based method has been developed which combined both the treatment and imaging modalities of cancer diagnosis [20]. The very first generation of nanoparticle-based therapy included lipid systems like liposomes and micelles, which are now FDA-approved [21]. These liposomes and micelles can contain inorganic nanoparticles like gold or magnetic nanoparticles [22]. These properties let to an increase in the use of inorganic nanoparticles with an emphasis on drug delivery, imaging and therapeutics functions. In addition, nanostructures reportedly aid in preventing drugs from being tarnished in the gastrointestinal region and help the delivery of sparingly water-soluble drugs to their target location. Nanodrugs show higher oral bioavailability because they exhibit typical uptake mechanisms of absorptive endocytosis.
On the other hand, stimuli-responsive nanocarriers have shown the ability to control the release profile of drugs (as a triggered release) using external factors such as ultrasound [96], heat [97,98,99], magnetism [100, 101], light [102], pH [103], and ionic strength [104], which can improve the targeting and allow greater dosage control (Fig. 2). For example, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are associated with polymeric nanocarriers [105] or lipids [106] to initially stimulate a controlled release system by the application of external magnetic field. In addition, Ulbrich et al. [107] revised recent achievements of drug delivery systems, in particular, on the basis of polymeric and magnetic nanoparticles, and also addressed the effect of covalently or noncovalently attached drugs for cancer cure [107]. Moreover, Au/Fe3O4@polymer nanoparticles have also been synthesized for the use in NIR-triggered chemo-photothermal therapy [108]. Therefore, hybrid nanocarriers are currently among the most promising tools for nanomedicine as they present a mixture of properties of different systems in a single system, thus ensuring materials with enhanced performance for both therapeutic and diagnostic applications (i.e., theranostic systems). Despite this, little is known about the real mechanisms of action and toxicity of drug delivery systems, which open opportunity for new studies. In addition, studies focusing on the synthesis of nanocarriers based on environmentally safe chemical reactions by implementing plant extracts and microorganisms have increased [10].
This book describes the essential and cutting-edge concepts based on the frontier of pharmaceutical research in TCM, underlying scientific principles, and current advancements of drug delivery systems for Chinese medicines, including sustained-release drug delivery systems, trans-nasal drug delivery systems, dermal and transdermal drug delivery systems, etc. Novel carriers and emerging technologies (such as 3D printing) are also covered. The book provides readers with an overall picture of drug delivery systems for Chinese medicines and also yields benefits for the pharmaceutical industry with regard to TCM-based drug development.
Dr. Nianping Feng is a Chair Professor and the Director of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China. He received his Ph. D. degree from China Pharmaceutical University in June 1997 and took up a lectureship at the same university prior to joining the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oct. 1998. Dr. Feng worked as a senior research scientist at Purdue University from Sept. 2012 to Sept. 2013. His research interests include novel drug delivery systems, pharmaceutical nanotechnologies and TCM-base new drug development. Dr. Feng has co-authored more than 200 research papers, reviews, and patents.
Drug Delivery and Translational Research publishes research focused on such topics as designing and developing novel drug delivery systems, with a focus on their application to disease conditions; preclinical and clinical data related to drug delivery systems; short-term and long-term biocompatibility of drug delivery systems, host response; biomaterials with growth factors for stem-cell differentiation in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering; image-guided drug therapy; nanomedicine; devices for drug delivery and drug/device combination products.
The targeted drug delivery system aims to deliver medication to the target tissue to reduce side effects and improve the overall efficacy of the medication. The drastic reduction of the dose has been an advantage of this system, coupled with a significant increased in the delivered pharmaceutical agent's therapeutic index. Nucleic acid, as a naturally occurring chemical compound, carries information molecules and monitors protein synthesis in the cells, making it an important therapeutic target for drug delivery to tissues. They are made up of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the nucleic acid-based therapeutic drug delivery system with its associated principles and mechanisms, barriers to nucleic acid-based therapeutics transfection and their delivery systems, primary delivery systems used in transferring nucleic acid-based therapy, and nucleic acid-based therapeutic drug delivery system as a tool of advanced pharmaceutical, herbal nanoscience. This is meant to support innovations in the field of pharmaceutical and herbal nanoscience.
The development of bioactive components as delivery systems with the use of advanced nanoscience is opening new therapeutic avenues for the management of various diseases. Among recent novel applications, plant phytopharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals are the fastest growing areas of nanotechnology-based research for effective public healthcare. Bioactive compounds, either encapsulated or in entrapped form within novel drug delivery systems, are reported as a booster treatment for various chronic infections and life-threatening diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, hypertension, diabetes, asthma, malaria, microbial infections, immune disorders, and gastrointestinal disorders. Recently, considerable progress has surged in understanding the factors associated with these diseases. A variety of nanoscience-based formulations such as polymeric matrix nanoparticles, aerosol inhalers/nebulizers nanoemulsions, and vesicular carrier systems, including liposome, phytosome, transfersome, herbosome, ethosome, niosome, have proven valuable in the delivery of bioactive materials. Moreover, it is reported that herbs and herbal bioactive compounds exhibit notable efficacy compared to phytopharmaceuticals and plant extracts fortified within the conventional method of delivery, with enhanced solubility, bioavailability, stability, tissue distribution, abridged toxicity, improved pharmacological efficacy, and protection from physicochemical degradation. The current chapter focuses on the carrier-based delivery of bioactive as a booster with advanced nanosciences, such as nanoemulsion and vesicular drug delivery systems. In addition, the chapter also elaborates patented technologies along with potential bioactive products available in the market. 2ff7e9595c
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